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Typhoon Matmo (2014)
Typhoon Matmo, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Henry, was the first tropical cyclone that directly impacted Taiwan in 2014. It is the tenth named storm and the fourth typhoon of the annual typhoon season. The typhoon is believed to be the main reason behind the crash of TransAsia Airways Flight 222, a day after landfall. There were fifty-four passengers on board (four of whom were reported to be children) and a crew of four. ''Taiwan News'' reported that "first suspicions hinted" the accident might be related to Matmo. The typhoon developed from a cluster of thundershowers consolidating around an area of low pressure in the doldrums. It initially followed a westward track, then made a sharp northwest turn before plummeting into Taiwan, and then China. After moving further inland, Matmo slowly curved back northeastwards and became extratropical before its remnants affected the Korean Peninsula. The typhoon has caused damages exceeding US$500 million and there are at least 62 deaths related to the storm. Matmo brought tropical storm force winds and heavy rainfall to the Philippines, typhoon force winds and torrential rain fall to China and Taiwan and heavy rains to Korea. Two deaths in the Philippines were accounted to the typhoon. The storm left 31,505 people in Taiwan without power. gusts were reported in the Gimpo International Airport of Seoul.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.weather.com/news/weather-hurricanes/typhoon-matmo-taiwan-china-recap-20140723 )〕
==Meteorological history==
The origins of Matmo can be tracked back to an area of low pressure that developed in the Intertropical Convergence Zone, about 280 km (170 mi) east of Chuuk on July 9, 2014.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/6QvwuKq5D )〕 Over the next few days, the system's low-level circulation center (LLCC) slowly consolidated with convective banding developing around its southern periphery and a burst of convection over its center.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/6R6WjNulr )〕 Located in a favorable region, the system slowly intensified, prompting the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) to issue a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) on the system, on July 16.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/6R81qveT9 )〕 Around the same time, the Regional Specialized Meteorological Center in Tokyo, operated by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) started tracking the system as a tropical depression.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=RSMC Tokyo )〕 Tracking slowly northwestward, the depression continued to consolidate while the JTWC initiated advisories on it with the identifier ''10W''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/6R9a0pCGd )〕 During the evening of July 17, the JMA upgraded the system to a tropical storm, and assigned it the name ''Matmo''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/6R9ZIk3zR )〕 The subsequent six hours saw the JTWC recognizing Matmo as a tropical storm and the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) naming it ''Henry'' as it entered the Philippine area of responsibility.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/6RB5AfTRS )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/6R9a0TzGD )〕 Matmo accelerated somewhat on July 18 as it passed 450 km (280 mi) north-northwest of Koror, Palau.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/6RB4gT410 )〕 Around that time, the JMA upgraded Matmo to a severe tropical storm.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/6RB4tlh18 )〕
By July 19, the center of Matmo had become obscured as deep central convection developed over it. Microwave satellite imagery showed improving convective banding despite the overall structure of the storm being slightly elongated.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/6RCclR37O )〕 Subsequent intensification resulted in the JMA upgrading Matmo to a typhoon.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/6RCcC5igg )〕 The convective banding around the LLCC started to curl inwards as an eye-like feature started developing.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/6RCcl2wAZ )〕 Increasing wind shear stemming from the subtropical ridge steering the typhoon inhibited further organization. By July 21, the shear abated somewhat and allowed for some intensification.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/6RE6BZgGf )〕 Tracking well to the southwest of Okinawa, the typhoon increased in both size and organization,〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/6RFbiXVzD )〕 with a secondary convective rainband developing along the northern half of the system by July 22. Upper-level outflow also improved and fueled the expansion of convection.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/6RFbiAlqE )〕 A broad eye feature developed with strong convective rainbands wrapped tightly into it.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/6RHDAkFQ0 )〕 The storm reached peak intensity on July 22, with maximum sustained winds of 140 km/h (85 mph) and a central barometric pressure of 965 mbar (hPa; 28.50 inHg).〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/6RFbZeuh9 )〕 Around the same time the JTWC estimated Matmo to have acquired one-minute sustained winds of 155 km/h (100 mph), ranking the system as a Category 2-equivalent on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/6RHD7UGOD )〕 The storm continued on its northwesterly track and made landfall in Taiwan, south of Hualian. The strongest gusts of 212 km/h (132 mph) were recorded on Orchid Island.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://thewatchers.adorraeli.com/2014/07/22/typhoon-matmo-made-landfall-in-taiwan-tracking-toward-southeastern-china/ )〕
Emerging over the Taiwan Strait early on July 23, Matmo was greatly weakened by its passage over Taiwan. Convective rainbands diminished significantly and its circulation became severely disrupted by Taiwan's rugged terrain.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/6RHDAJGnW )〕 The JMA downgraded Matmo into a severe tropical storm and eventually a tropical storm during this process.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/6RHCxrTrU )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/6RHCx62tA )〕 The JTWC, however, maintained Matmo as a typhoon during this time. The storm made its second landfall on China, south of Putian, while parts of its rainbands were still over Taiwan and the Philippines. Once onshore, the JTWC downgraded Matmo to a tropical storm and issued their final advisory.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/6RIkEBLjO )〕 The JMA, however, continued tracking Matmo as a tropical storm until it became extratropical on July 25.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.webcitation.org/6RKEGZOMz )〕
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